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Daniel K. Schneider: /* Propaganda / Vision papers */

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Propaganda / Vision papers

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== Definition ==

'''Web 2.0''' is one of those "buzz words" like DHTML that do not have a clear meaning but does refer to a trend or practise that does favor new technologies.

'''Web 2.0''' refers to a certain kind of
[[rich internet application]]s and means:
* New kinds of webservices (e.g. see [[social computing]])
* [[cloud computing]], i.e. various new types of server-client architectures
* Improved user experience (e.g. [[AJAX]])
* Both of these combined (webservices as [[rich internet application]]s)
* Mashups like [[webtop]]s, [[virtual office]] etc. (this is a more recent trend)
* For some people, Web 2.0 means just just blogs and wikis. These are just part of it, but by no means to whole picture.
* For others, web 2.0 is when corporations took over community contents and exchanges.

; Examples of web 2.0 technologies:

* [[List of web 2.0 applications]] (look at this for a ''long'' list of on-line applications)
* [[Through the web editor]]s
* [[Virtual office]]s, (some, i.e. in the sense of ''Office 2.0'')
* [[Webtop]]s
* [[Social software]] applications (most)
* [[Personal learning environment]]s
* [[Wiki]]s
* [[Weblog]]s
* [[DITA Storm]] (an online XML-based content framework)

The [http://partners.becta.org.uk/index.php?section=rh&&catcode=_re_rp_02&rid=15884 BECTA 2008] report on ''Web 2.0 technologies for learning'' (page 10), distinguishes the following categories of Web 2.0 activities:
;Trading
:Buying, selling or exchanging through user transactions mediated by internet communications
;Media sharing
:Uploading and downloading media files for purposes of audience or exchange
;Conversational arenas
:One-to-one or one-to-many conversations between internet users
;Online games and virtual worlds
:Rule-governed games or themed environments that invite live interaction with other internet users
;Social networking
:Websites that structure social interaction between members who form subgroups of ‘friends’
;Blogging
:An internet-based journal or diary in which a user can post text and digital material while others can comment
;Social bookmarking
:Users submit their bookmarked web pages to a central site where they can be tagged and found by other users
;Recommender systems
:Websites aggregate and tag user preferences for items in some domain and thereby make novel recommendations
;Collaborative editing
:Web tools are used collaboratively to design, construct and distribute a digital product
;Wikis
:A web-based service allowing users unrestricted access to create, edit and link pages
;Syndication
:Users can "subscribe" to RSS feed-enabled websites so that they are automatically notified of any changes or updates in content via an aggregator

== Web 2.0 in the timeline of the web ==

{{quotation | Web 2.0 was really about upgrading the "front-end" and user-experience of the Web. Much of the innovation taking place today is about starting to upgrade the "backend" of the Web and I think that will be the focus of Web 3.0 (the front-end will probably not be that different from Web 2.0, but the underlying technologies will advance significantly enabling new capabilities and features).}} ([http://novaspivack.typepad.com/nova_spivacks_weblog/2007/02/steps_towards_a.html], retrieved 14:22, 27 April 2007 (MEST))

Nova Spivak in his [http://novaspivack.typepad.com/nova_spivacks_weblog/2007/02/steps_towards_a.html timeline of the past, present and future of the Web] describes evolution of the web in terms of two variables: information connections and social connections, i.e. information links vs. people links plus.
[[image:RadarNetworksTowardsAWebOS.jpg|none|thumb|800px|Nova Spivack & Radar Networks Towards a WebOS]]
The idea being that information and social connections gain from more sophisticate tools and some sort of emerging intelligence as in [[social software]] that gain be summarized as ''tools + services + aggregation)^scale'' ([http://partners.becta.org.uk/index.php?section=rh&catcode=_re_rp_ap_03&rid=11380 Lee Bryant, Becta review 2007]).

== Old vs. new web services ==

According to Tim O'Reilly (2005), Web 2.0 can be defined through examples of how typical web services did evolve. E.g.

<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Web 1.0 (past)</th>
<th>Web 2.0 (future)</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Photo-albums</td>
<td>Flickr-like albums</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FTP or http-based downloads</td>
<td>BitTorrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>mp3.com</td>
<td>Peer-to-peer solutions, like Napster</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Britannica Online</td>
<td>Wikipedia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>personal websites</td>
<td>[[blog | blogging]]</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<tr>
<td>publishing</td>
<td>participation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>content management systems</td>
<td>[[wiki]]s</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>directories (taxonomy)</td>
<td>[[tagging]] ("[[folksonomy]]")</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>stickiness</td>
<td>syndication</td>
</tr>
</table>

What is common about these example is that {{quotation | behind the
success of the giants born in the Web 1.0 era who have survived to
lead the Web 2.0 era appears to be this, that they have embraced the
power of the web to harness collective intelligence}} (O'Reilly,
2005), in other words Web 2.0 is strongly related to
[[social computing]] and [[collective intelligence]] (the "wisdom of
the crowd").

In addition, Web 2.0 is related to enhanced user experience and
webservices standards and APIs that allow for more collaboration
between machines (data exchange is usually [[XML]]-based).

Tim O'Reilly's meme map (dated 2005) illustrates important concepts, some of which we explore in all related
[[category:rich internet applications|rich internet applications]] articles.

[[image:web20-meme-map-tim-oreilly.jpg|frame|none|Web 2.0 Meme Map, Copyright © 2007 O'Reilly Media, Inc., reproduced without permission]]

== Improved user experience ==

Jared Spool [http://www.uie.com/events/uiconf/articles/web_2_power/] points out
the power of APIs: A very good example is Google Maps that allows anyone to overlay data onto any place that Google Maps can show. E.g. [http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa/general/tecfa-maps/google-tecfa-map-hybrid.html here] is the place where ''these very words'' have been written.

See [[AJAX]] for the most popular technology used, but [[rich internet application]]s can be based on many other technical
frameworks.

== Relation to semantic web ==

A few years ago, there was a lot of talk about the [[semantic web]]. This didn't happen so far ;). So more and more it appears that Web 2.0 means actually going back to the roots of academic Internet in the 80' and very early 90' which was all about communication and exchange. Internet/Web is also (and has been most of the time) about being easy, open and flexible.

== Web 2.0 in education ==

Web believe that web 2.0 in education refers to very different sort of practice:
* Web 2.0 as platform, i.e. it allows learners teachers to access all sorts of applications that can't be found on school computers. That includes various "productivity software" (writing, drawing, image manipulation, concept maps, etc.), but also specialized services like [[LMS]]s.
* Web 2.0 as social platform, i.e. using various services to organize collaborative work that extends beyound a single classroom
* Web 2.0 as collaborative platform, i.e. using services to organize collaborative or collective classwork. A good example are [[wiki]]s.
* Web 2.0 as vehicle for new kinds of application, e.g. [[location-aware computing]] or [[3D interactive environment]]s like [[Second Life]]
* Web 2.0 as background for new organization of learning, e.g. [[MOOC]]s

"Web 2.0 in education" is not further covered in this article, see for example:
* [[e-learning 2.0]] (short overview)
* [[Personal learning environment]]s (some)
* [[webtop]]s
* [[social software]]
* [[LAMS]]
* [[microworld]]s (some)
* [[wiki]]s

You also can browse through articles indexed in the [[:Category:Social computing|social computing]] category.

== Links ==

See also other categories of
[[:Category:rich internet applications | rich internet applications]], .e.g. [[virtual office]] and [[web widget]]. There is also [[list of web 2.0 applications]] - [[User:Daniel K. Schneider|Daniel K. Schneider]]

* [http://www.teachinghacks.com/2006/10/26/100-web-20-ideas-for-educators-an-intro-to-rss-and-more/ 100+ Web 2.0 Ideas for Educators: A Guide to RSS and More]
* [http://www.seomoz.org/web2.0/ Web 2.0 awards 2007]

* [http://web2.0validator.com/ Web2.0 validator] If you try this (fun), read [http://web2.0validator.com/thefullstory/ the full story] (informative).

== References ==

=== Propaganda / Vision papers ===

* Farber, Dan (2007), ''From semantic Web (3.0) to the WebOS (4.0)'', ZDNet Article, feb 14, 2007, [http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=4499 HTML].

* O'Reilly, Tim, What Is Web 2.0 - Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software, [http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html HTML]

* O'Reilly, Tim, [http://www.web2summit.com/web2009/public/schedule/detail/10194 Web Squared: Web 2.0 Five Years On]

* [http://www.wsjb.com/RPC/V1/Home.html Rise of the Participation Culture]

* Spool, Jared M., Web 2.0: The Power Behind the Hype, [http://www.uie.com/events/uiconf/articles/web_2_power/ HTML]

* Graham Attwell, Director, Pontydysgu, Web 2.0 and the changing ways we are using computers for learning: what are the implications for pedagogy and curriculum? [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Graham_Attwell2/publication/264857678_Web_20_and_the_changing_ways_we_are_using_computers_for_learning_what_are_the_implications_for_pedagogy_and_curriculum/links/542949790cf238c6ea7d20b5.pdf PDF]

=== In education (practical/vision) ===

* D'Souza, Quentin (2007). Web 2.0 Ideas for Educators, A Guide to RSS and More, Version 2.0. [http://www.teachinghacks.com/files//100ideasWeb2educators.pdf PDF]

* Warlick David (2006). A Day in the Life of Web 2.0, ''techlearning''. [http://www.techlearning.com/showArticle.php?articleID=193200296 HTML]

* Lynne Schrum & Gwen Solomon (2007). Web 2.0: New Tools, New Schools, ISTE, ISBN 978-1-56484-234-3 ([http://www.iste.org/source/Orders/isteProductDetail.cfm?product_code=newtoo sales])

* [http://www.paulgraham.com/web20.html web 2.0] by Paul Graham ([http://www.paulgraham.com/lisp.html LISP guru])

=== Research ===

* Michael Thomas (eds.), Handbook of Research on Web 2.0 and Second Language, Idea Group Inc (IGI), ISBN 1605661902.

* Strampel, K. & Oliver, R. (2010). They think they are learning, but are they? Strategies for implementing Web 2.0 to positively impact student learning. In C.H. Steel, M.J. Keppell, P. Gerbic & S. Housego (Eds.),Curriculum, technology & transformation for an unknown future. Proceedings ascilite Sydney 2010 (pp.924-935).http://ascilite.org.au/conferences/sydney10/procs/Strampel

=== In education / reports ===
BECTA (2008) [http://partners.becta.org.uk/index.php?section=rh&catcode=_re_rp_02&rid=14543 Web 2.0 technologies for learning at KS3 and KS4 - Project overview] (a number of free reports on Web 2.0 in the classroom, downloads in PDF/WORD/ODT)
* [http://partners.becta.org.uk/index.php?section=rh&&catcode=_re_rp_02&rid=15878 Report 1: The current landscape - opportunities, challenges and tensions (May 2008)]. This is a good overview paper.
* [http://partners.becta.org.uk/index.php?section=rh&&catcode=_re_rp_02&rid=15879 Report 2: Learners' use of Web 2.0 technologies in and out of school in Key Stages 3 and 4 (June 2008)]
* [http://partners.becta.org.uk/index.php?section=rh&&catcode=_re_rp_02&rid=15881 Report 3: Implementing Web 2.0 in Secondary Schools: Impacts, barriers and issues (September 2008)]
* [http://partners.becta.org.uk/index.php?section=rh&&catcode=_re_rp_02&rid=15882 Report 4: E-safety issues in using Web 2.0 (September 2008)]
* Crook, Charles and Colin Harrison (eds). [http://partners.becta.org.uk/index.php?section=rh&&catcode=_re_rp_02&rid=15884 Report 5: Web 2.0 technologies for learning at Key Stage 3 and 4: summary report (September 2008)]

[[Category: Social computing]]
[[Category: XML]]
[[Category: Rich internet applications]]
[[fr:web 2.0]]

Web 2.0 - Revision history

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