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==Introduction==

RSS, the acronym of ''really simple syndication'' (or in more popular words ''news feeds''), is a standardized XML file in which websites insert structured information and is generally used to store news and updates. News feeds can be read by web-based or software-based [[News Feed Aggregator|news readers]] (also called aggregators).

== Software ==

* See [[News Feed Aggregator]] for standalone tools. Nowadays, most people use either a web navigator (E.g. Firefox) or so-called [[webtop]]s (web dashboards)
* Most [[portal]]s including [[Creating websites with online services|online content creation services]] can include News feeds in various formats. In web 2.0 interfaces, you may have to use some kind of Widget that can configure with a few options, including a title, the RSS feed URL, number of items, details, etc.
* All modern web browsers can read RSS feed. In addition, there exist extensions that add extra functionality.
* There are libraries (e.g. PHP) for writing custom RSS server-side aggregators

== RSS/Atom Variants ==

# RSS 0.90
#* RSS as invented by Netscape, RSS = RDF Site Summary
# RSS 0.91
#* Second version of Netscape, RSS = Rich Site Summary
#* simple syntax and not compatible with RDF
#* this format is still popular
# RSS 0.92
#* like RSS 0.91 but some improvements, like UTF-8 support
# RSS 1.0
#* based on RDF
#* not very popular, since the "[[web 2.0]]" crowd does not seem to understand or like concepts underlying the semantic web.
# RSS 2.0
#* follow-up of RSS 0.91 and 0.92
#* Not RDF compatible (simpler than RSS 1.0)
# [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_%28standard%29 Atom] is another ''news feeds'' standard. The XML syntax differs from RSS 0.9x/2.0 but the principle is the same.

== Life Feed example ==

This wiki has an extension that allows to include RSS feeds.

The following example feed is taken from http://e4innovation.com/ example, i.e. contents from the feed URL = http://e4innovation.com/?feed=rss2

'''Short version, 5 items max.''':
----
<rss max=5>http://e4innovation.com/?feed=rss2</rss>
----

'''Long version, 3 items only''':
----
<rss max=3 template="Rss-feed">http://e4innovation.com/?feed=rss2</rss>
----

== Code Examples==

Examples taken from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS_%28file_format%29#Example wikipedia]

===RSS 1.0===

Based on RDF, not popular:

<source lang="XML">
<?xml version="1.0"?>

<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="<nowiki>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</nowiki>"
xmlns="<nowiki>http://purl.org/rss/1.0/</nowiki>">

<channel rdf:about="<nowiki>http://www.xml.com/xml/news.rss</nowiki>">
<title>XML.com</title>
<link><nowiki>http://xml.com/pub</nowiki></link>
<description>
XML.com features a rich mix of information and services
for the XML community.
</description>
<image rdf:resource="<nowiki>http://xml.com/universal/images/xml_tiny.gif</nowiki>" />
<items>
<rdf:Seq>
<rdf:li resource="<nowiki>http://xml.com/pub/2000/08/09/xslt/xslt.html</nowiki>" />
<rdf:li resource="<nowiki>http://xml.com/pub/2000/08/09/rdfdb/index.html</nowiki>" />
</rdf:Seq>
</items>
<textinput rdf:resource="<nowiki>http://search.xml.com</nowiki>" />
</channel>

<image rdf:about="<nowiki>http://xml.com/universal/images/xml_tiny.gif</nowiki>">
<title>XML.com</title>
<link><nowiki>http://www.xml.com</nowiki></link>
<url><nowiki>http://xml.com/universal/images/xml_tiny.gif</nowiki></url>
</image>

<item rdf:about="<nowiki>http://xml.com/pub/2000/08/09/xslt/xslt.html</nowiki>">
<title>Processing Inclusions with XSLT</title>
<link><nowiki>http://xml.com/pub/2000/08/09/xslt/xslt.html</nowiki></link>
<description>
Processing document inclusions with general XML tools can be
problematic. This article proposes a way of preserving inclusion
information through SAX-based processing.
</description>
</item>

<item rdf:about="<nowiki>http://xml.com/pub/2000/08/09/rdfdb/index.html</nowiki>">
<title>Putting RDF to Work</title>
<link><nowiki>http://xml.com/pub/2000/08/09/rdfdb/index.html</nowiki></link>
<description>
Tool and API support for the Resource Description Framework
is slowly coming of age. Edd Dumbill takes a look at RDFDB,
one of the most exciting new RDF toolkits.
</description>
</item>

<textinput rdf:about="<nowiki>http://search.xml.com</nowiki>">
<title>Search XML.com</title>
<description>Search XML.com's XML collection</description>
<name>s</name>
<link><nowiki>http://search.xml.com</nowiki></link>
</textinput>
</rdf:RDF>
</source>

===RSS 2.0===

RSS 2.0 is a slight revision of RSS 0.91

<source lang="XML">
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rss version="2.0">
<channel>
<title>Liftoff News</title>
<link><nowiki>http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/</nowiki></link>
<description>Liftoff to Space Exploration.</description>
<language>en-us</language>
<pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2003 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

<lastBuildDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2003 09:41:01 GMT</lastBuildDate>
<docs><nowiki>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</nowiki></docs>
<generator>Weblog Editor 2.0</generator>
<managingEditor>editor@example.com</managingEditor>
<webMaster>webmaster@example.com</webMaster>

<item>
<title>Star City</title>
<link><nowiki>http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/news/2003/news-starcity.asp</nowiki></link>
<description>How do Americans get ready to work with Russians aboard the
International Space Station? They take a crash course in culture, language
and protocol at Russia's Star City.</description>
<pubDate>Tue, 03 Jun 2003 09:39:21 GMT</pubDate>
<guid><nowiki>http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/2003/06/03.html#item573</nowiki></guid>
</item>

<item>
<title>Space Exploration</title>
<link><nowiki>http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/</nowiki></link>
<description>Sky watchers in Europe, Asia, and parts of Alaska and Canada
will experience a partial eclipse of the Sun on Saturday, May 31st.</description>
<pubDate>Fri, 30 May 2003 11:06:42 GMT</pubDate>
<guid><nowiki>http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/2003/05/30.html#item572</nowiki></guid>
</item>

<item>
<title>The Engine That Does More</title>
<link><nowiki>http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/news/2003/news-VASIMR.asp</nowiki></link>
<description>Before man travels to Mars, NASA hopes to design new engines
that will let us fly through the Solar System more quickly. The proposed
VASIMR engine would do that.</description>
<pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2003 08:37:32 GMT</pubDate>
<guid><nowiki>http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/2003/05/27.html#item571</nowiki></guid>
</item>

<item>
<title>Astronauts' Dirty Laundry</title>
<link><nowiki>http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/news/2003/news-laundry.asp</nowiki></link>
<description>Compared to earlier spacecraft, the International Space
Station has many luxuries, but laundry facilities are not one of them.
Instead, astronauts have other options.</description>
<pubDate>Tue, 20 May 2003 08:56:02 GMT</pubDate>
<guid><nowiki>http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/2003/05/20.html#item570</nowiki></guid>
</item>
</channel>
</rss>
</source>

===Atom 1.0===

Example found in the [http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4287 specification]:
<source lang="XML">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">

<title>Example Feed</title>
<subtitle>Insert witty or insightful remark here</subtitle>
<link href="http://example.org/"/>
<updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated>
<author>
<name>John Doe</name>
<email>johndoe@example.com</email>
</author>
<id>urn:uuid:60a76c80-d399-11d9-b91C-0003939e0af6</id>

<entry>
<title>Atom-Powered Robots Run Amok</title>
<link href="http://example.org/2003/12/13/atom03"/>
<id>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a</id>
<updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated>
<summary>Some text.</summary>
</entry>

</feed>
</source>

== News feed icons ==

For all news feed standards, there is a unique suggested icon (and that should replace the stupid "XML" icon):

[[Image:128px-Feed-icon.svg.png]]

==Educational usage==

* Check the status of student's work in the different platforms like [[Wiki]], [[Blog]] or [[Portal]]
* Provide students with a feed that brings them latest news about a class (won't work with an [[LMS]] for security reasons).
* Provide students with an aggregator that shows headlines from news on different web sites of interest
* Include sideboxes in portals like [[C3MS]] or [[LMS]] like Moodle that display headlines from important websites. This is similar to the above, but the idea is to "open up" typical student's focus from task-related things in a learning environment to wards the rest of the world
* Organization of collective / collaborative scenarios where each student has his "own" space, but information can be shared.

== Links ==

=== Introductions ===

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS_%28file_format%29 RSS file format] (Wikipedia)
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_%28standard%29 Atom] (Wikipedia)
* [http://www.w3schools.com/rss/ RSS 2 Tutorial] (W3Schools)
*[http://www.mnot.net/rss/tutorial/ RSS Tutorial] (2005)
*[http://www.weblogg-ed.com/2004/03/30#a1655 RSS: A Quick Start Guide for Educators] (2004)
*[http://www.faganfinder.com/search/rss.shtml All about RSS] (2004)
*[http://www.mezzoblue.com/archives/2004/05/19/what_is_rssx/ What is RSS/XML/Atom/Syndication?] (2004)
*[http://www.informit.com/articles/article.asp?p=169476&redir=1 What is RSS?] (2004)

=== Specifications ===

None of the three popular RSS 0.91, RSS 2.0 and Atom is defined with a formal language. However, XML grammars (DTDs, Relax or XML Schema) can be found.

* [http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4287 rfc4287] Atom standard by the Internet Society, 2005. This specification defines an informative Relax NG schema (in Appendix B).

* [http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification RSS 2.0 Specification] at RSSBoard.org.

* [http://www.rssboard.org/rss-0-9-1-netscape RSS 0.91 Specification]. A copy of the original RSS 0.91 specification published by Netscape on July 10, 1999

=== Examples ===

; New feeds
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10628494 News feeds from the BBC]
* [http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Special:RecentChanges Recent changes in this wiki]

; Content aggregators
* See [[News feed aggregator]]

[[Category: Social computing]]
[[Category: XML]]
[[Category:web standards]]

RSS - Revision history

Daniel K. Schneider: Text replacement - "$" to " {{edutechwiki}}"

Daniel K. Schneider: 1 revision imported

Daniel K. Schneider at 18:33, 4 February 2014