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== Definition ==

Document standards can be defined in terms of:
* Document file formats, i.e. text or binary formats for storing documents an storage media.
* Content structure ([[structured authoring]], usually an [[XML]] application).

== Document file formats ==

There are a lot of these, see Wikipedia's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_file_format document file format] article or the full [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats List of file formats]

See also: [[e-book]] formats

=== Markup languages that separate content from style ===

These so-called [[structured authoring]] formats are somewhat human readable.

* [[DocBook]] (XML or SGML) was originally intended for authoring technical documents but can be used for almost any kind of document.
* [[DITA]]
* [[XHTML]] strict (to some extent)
* [[HTML5]] (to some extent)
* [[ePub]], an e-book format
* TEX and related languages like Latex

There exist also a number of non-formal simple markup languages, e.g.
* Various [[Wiki]] formats
* "[http://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/doc-sig/stext/ Structured Text]" used in the Python community.

=== Specialized markup languages for education ===

We don't consider [[educational modeling language]]s like [[IMS Learning Design]], [[IMS Simple Sequencing]] etc. and that are based on the [[IMS Content Packaging]] "logic" to be document standards, because contents themselves are not in any way marked up. They are just assembled in menu structures.

One also could extend/specialize DITA and DocBook with educational markup. We also think that XHTML 2.0 may have potential for that kind of things.

The following is some sorts of ''document'' standard:

* [[eLML]] - eLesson Markup Language. In [[User:Daniel K. Schneider|Daniel K. Schneider]]'s opinion, about the only stable educational content markup language there is. See also [http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/page.cgi?post=42034 Stephen Downes comment]. eLML is focussed on lessons, which is of course a limitation for general purpose content markup.

=== Markup languages for (messy) word processor markup ===

These markup content, style and other things together and are not really human readable.

* OASIS [https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=office#technical Open Document Format] for Office Applications (ODF), started by [http://xml.openoffice.org/ Open Office XML Project]. This standard is used by [http://www.openoffice.org/ Open Office], the now more popular [https://www.libreoffice.org/ Libre office], [http://symphony.lotus.com/software/lotus/symphony Lotus Symphony] and others. Microsoft word can read and write ODF format (at least somewhat).
* Deprecated Microsoft XML Reference Schemas (including WordML, SpreadsheetML, etc.): [http://www.microsoft.com/office/xml/default.mspx Office 2003 XML Reference Schemas]
* [[Open Packaging Conventions and Office Open XML|Office Open XML]] (also known as OOXML or Microsoft Open XML (MOX) is a zipped, XML-based file format developed by Microsoft, i.e. it defines the structure of *.docx, *.xslx, etc. files. OOXML includes several languages.
* [https://labs.adobe.com/downloads/mars.html Adobe MARS] code name for technology being developed by Adobe that provides an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based representation of Portable Document Format (PDF) documents. A prototype did work with Adobe Profession 8. We did not test if if still works with Adobe Professional DC (2018).
* Microsoft RTF, an older standard that is being phased out
* [[Adobe FrameMaker]] *.MIF

=== Binary file formats ===

Not human readable

* Microsoft *.doc
* FrameMaker *.fm
* Adobe *.PDF ([[PDF]] rather is a display/print format, but some people do edit PDF...)

=== Specialized markup formats for the Internet ===

These are usually combined within other formats, e.g. XHTML.
Most important formats are:

* Display of mathematical formula: [[MathML]]
* Vector Graphics: [[SVG]] (or the defunct Microsoft WML format)
* Multimedia sequencing: [[SMIL]]
* Linking: [[XLink]] (this is not supported in XHTML 2)
* Forms: [[XForms]]
* Voice markup: [[VoiceML]]

For now, integration of various vocabularies into main-stream web pages is not obvious. Only standards-aware browsers like Firefox can handle for instance XHTML + SVG + MathML. In addition, editing is not always easy since there are no official combined DTD's available, although a general standard for this ([http://www.w3.org/TR/CDR/ Compound Document by Reference Framework 1.0]) is almost ready.

== Hardware ==

* Paper
* All sorts of computers with a monitor
* Mobile devices
* Refreshable electronic paper

== Links ==

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_document_markup_languages Wikipedia's Comparison of document markup languages]
* http://www.answers.com/topic/document-file-format
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_file_formats
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_document_markup_languages
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_office_document_formats_debate
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordprocessingML

[[Category: XML]]
[[Category: Document standards]]
[[Category: Writing]]
[[Category: E-book]]

Document standard - Revision history

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