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== Definition ==

E2ML is an [[educational modeling language]] for describing instructional design issues such as learning goals, roles, actions, and resources.

{{quotationbox|An E2ML blueprint consists of three sets of documents. Each of them provides support for specific design tasks. The three sets are:
# Goal Definition, i.e., a declaration of the educational goals. This is composed by two documents: the goal statement and the goal mapping.
# Action Diagrams, i.e., the description of the single learning and support activities designed for the instruction.
# Overview Diagrams, i.e., two different overviews of the whole design, the dependencies diagram and the activity flow.
(Botturi, 2006)}}

== Goal definitions and mappings ==

The goal (learning outcome) statement table is an orderly summary of the goals of the instruction. It includes several columns:
* Tag: an identifier
* Statement: A short verbal definition of the learning outcome
* Target: Who is concerned (e.g. all students)
* Stakeholder: Who is interested (e.g. the head of a company)
* Approach: Pedagogical strategy
* Importance: A numeric score.

These goals then can visualized {{quotation|by mapping them on a visual grid or representation, such as Merrill’s Content-Performance Matrix (1983), the revised Bloom’s taxonomy (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001), or the QUAIL model (Botturi, 2003 a; Botturi, 2004 a).}} (Botturi, 2006).

== Dependencies diagram ==

According to Botturi (2006), learning activities are represented by ''boxes'' and then should be related with ''arrwos'': The relationships supported by E2ML are: 
# '''Learning prerequisite''': the first action provides a learning outcome that is the prerequisite for the second action (e.g., a lecture provides concepts for the following analysis work);
# '''Product''': an activity produces some artefact that is required as input for a second one (e.g., a group-work activity produces a presentation which is shown during the following class discussion). Products can be name as arrow label (e.g., *mind-map");
# '''Aggregation''': an activity can be a sub-activity of another activity. Finally actions can be grouped into ''trails'' or or ''logical groups of actions'', e.g., all lectures, or all the actions that form a specific activity in a course, etc.

The dependencies described here are ''not'' learning sequences, but they allow to identify cross-unit connections and dependencies.

== Activity flow ==

{{quotation|The activity flow is a visualization of the instruction calendar and provides an overview of educational activities during the course time span. It is similar to a flowchart diagram that represents each learner’s path through the instruction. Actions are sequenced or ordered into more parallel branches. Each action can take place at a defined moment in time (e.g., on a particular date/time) or be allocated for free execution within a defined
timeframe. Splits (branches) can be added to the action flow as advanced elements, indicating conditions, options, multiple selections, parallel activities or non-sequenced actions (or any-order actions, i.e., branches in the activity path where a number of activities should be completed in any order)}} (Botturi, 2006).

== Action diagrams ==

Action (activity) diagrams {{quotation|provide a synthetic yet detailed description of the very bricks of the instruction: teaching and learning activities.}}. These are the most complex construct in Botturi's design language.

== Links ==

* Luca Botturi's publications on [http://de.scientificcommons.org/luca_botturi Scientifc Commons]

== Bibliography ==

* Botturi, L. (2003 a). E2ML - A Modeling Language for Technology-dependent Educational Environments. EDMEDIA 2003, Honolulu, Hawaii

* Botturi, L. (2004). Visual Languages for Instructional Design: an Evaluation of the Perception of E2ML, [http://de.scientificcommons.org/834576 PDF Preprint]

* Botturi, L. (2006). E2ML: a visual instructional design language. [http://de.scientificcommons.org/834580 PDF Preprint]

* Botturi, L. (2006b). E2ML: A visual language for the design of instruction.''Educational Technology, Research and Development'' 54(3) 265-293.

* Botturi, L. and K. Belfer (2006). Pedagogical patterns for online learning. ELEARN 2003. [http://de.scientificcommons.org/834573 PDF Reprint]
* Botturi, Luca (2007). E2ML, A tool for sketching instructional design, in Botturi, L., Stubbs, T. (eds.) (2007). Handbook of Visual Langauges in Instructional Design: Theories and Pratices. Hershey, PA: Idea Group


[[Category: Instructional design models]]
[[Category: Instructional design methods]]
[[Category: Educational modeling languages]]

[[Category: E-learning tools]]
[[Category: Pedagogical scenarios]]

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